RIGO801 – 600

This paper summarizes selected approaches, to generate spectral ray data for different types of spectrally varying light sources including only angular variable as well as spatial and angular variable sources. This includes a description of their general ideas and applications, the required measurements, and their mathematical concepts. Finally, achieved results for an Red/Green/Blue/White-light emitting diode (RGBW-LED) system are shown. Ray tracing simulations of a spatially and angularly spectral varying LED system combined with a spectrally sensitive optical system are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a colorimetric far-field measurement of the same system. The results demonstrate the potential and benefits of spectral ray files in general.

This book presents, validates, and applies a fast, accurate and general measurement and modeling technique to obtain spectral near field data of LED systems for optical simulations in order to address the steadily increasing requirements of modern high-quality LED systems. It requires only a minimum of goniophotometric near field measurements and no time-consuming angularly resolved spectral measurements. The obtained results can be used directly in state-of-the-art ray tracers.

Luminous intensity distributions enable an evaluation of the spatial radiation characteristic of a light source. This radiation characteristic is determined by the structural properties of the light source, its operating parameters and the properties of the measuring system. This paper describes some possible methods and rules for comparing luminous intensity distributions. The focus is on the development of calculation rules for quantifying the differences between two luminous intensity distributions. The difference measures developed allow the user to establish an objective comparison between luminous intensity distributions, this comparison being completely independent of the measuring system, the properties of the luminous intensity distributions and the users themselves. Further, the dependence of the properties of luminous intensity distributions resulting from measurement practice, such as adjustment uncertainties, regions that cannot be covered or measured, deviations of the total luminous flux, data noise and resolution differences, are discussed, and appropriate pre-processing and correction steps proposed. In addition, various visualisations of the differences between two luminous intensity distributions are demonstrated and the functionality of the difference measures developed is documented.

In lighting calculations and simulations, the emission of a light source is conventionally modelled using the far-field intensity, also termed luminous intensity distribution (LID). Previous studies have indicated that the traditional limiting photometric distance, to reach far-field conditions, is not always easy to determine. The limiting photometric distance, also called the photometric limiting distance of a light source is the shortest distance between the reference plane of a light source and the effective reference plane of a photometer, for a given acceptable error considering the photometric inverse square laws (ISO/CIE 19476:2014, 2014). This distance is dependent on the size of the light source, the luminous intensity distribution (beam angle), the spatial luminance distribution and the predetermined acceptable measurement error. In this paper the problems are analysed in detail for a disk-shaped light source, a linear light strip and a worst case scenario using two small (point) sources separated by a certain distance. The limiting photometric distance is investigated using different measures of error - not only for the main illumination direction but also at different angles of emission.

Thema der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Verfahrens zum Vergleich von Lichtstärkeverteilungskörpern. Hauptbestandteil des Verfahrens zum Lvk-Vergleich ist die Entwicklung von Berechnungsvorschriften zur Quantifizierung der Unterschiede zweier Lichtstärkeverteilungskörper. Die entwickelten Differenzmaße ermöglichen einen objektiven, vom Anwender, von den Lvk-generierenden Messsystemen und von den Parametern der Lvks unabhängigen Vergleich. Aus der Messpraxis resultierende Eigenschaften von Lvks wie Justageunsicherheiten, nicht messbare Lvk-Bereiche, Abweichungen der Gesamtlichtströme, Datenrauschen und Auflösungsunterschiede werden algorithmisch berücksichtigt. Zusätzlich werden verschiedene Varianten zur Visualisierung der Unterschiede zweier Lichtstärkeverteilungskörper vorgeschlagen.

The thesis shall give an overview of the currently existing measurement techniques for the determination of luminous intensity distributions. The main focus is to show for which measurement object which measurement technique is applicable. Where overlaps can be found, i.e. several measurement techniques can be used for the same object and vice versa, and where separation is necessary. Similarities and differences between the measurement techniques and the resulting advantages and disadvantages for the measurement of concrete objects will be discussed.

Das Erstellen von physikalischen Strahlenmodellen ist äußerst aufwendig und kann die Realität immer nur endlich genau erfassen. Gemessene Strahlendaten beschreiben die Lichtquelle dagegen genau. Die ermittelten Werte verbessern die Simulation von Leuchtquellen, beschleunigen den Entwicklungsprozess und lassen sich in die Datenformate der gängigen Simulationswerkzeuge exportieren.

The ray data measured by means of modern near-field goniophotometers open up new ways in the development of optical systems. For numerous applications, synthetic models of radiation characteristics are insufficient for realistic optical simulations. The near-field goniophotometers type RiGO801 developed by the TechnoTeam company measures the real 4D- luminance distribution of measuring objects and provides ray data for various simulation programs.